In the later Vedic period, around 1000 BCE to 500 BCE, religion in ancient India evolved with significant changes in beliefs, rituals, and social structure.
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The religious framework centered on the emergence of the Upanishads and the development of philosophical concepts such as Brahman (the supreme reality) and Atman (the individual soul).
The emphasis shifted from ritualistic sacrifices to more introspective and metaphysical aspects of spirituality.
The idea of karma, rebirth, and the pursuit of liberation (moksha) gained prominence. Religious practices became more individualistic, focusing on meditation, self-discipline, and the search for spiritual enlightenment.