Urban centres: c.600 BCE to 300 CE

Urban centres: c.600 BCE to 300 CE

Between 600 BCE and 300 CE, India witnessed significant urbanization, particularly during the rise of the Mahajanapadas and the subsequent Mauryan and Gupta empires.

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Urban centers such as Pataliputra (modern Patna), Taxila, Ujjain, and Varanasi became prominent during this period. Pataliputra, the capital of the Mauryan Empire, was a major political, economic, and cultural hub. It was strategically located near the confluence of the Ganges, Son, and Gandak rivers, facilitating trade and communication. Taxila, located in present-day Pakistan, was a center of learning and commerce, connecting the Indian subcontinent with Central Asia. Ujjain was another important city, known for its trade routes that connected it with ports on the western coast and with the Deccan region. These urban centers were characterized by well-planned layouts, fortified structures, and thriving markets. They played crucial roles in administration, trade, and the dissemination of culture and religion, contributing to the socio-economic development of the Indian subcontinent during this period.

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