Karkhana and the artisans
The term Karkhana refers to workshops or factories in medieval India where artisans and craftsmen worked:
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- Role and Function: Karkhanas were crucial for the production of goods, including textiles, metalwork, pottery, and other crafts. These workshops were often organized to cater to both local needs and the requirements of the imperial court. The Mughal rulers, for instance, established karkhanas to produce luxury items such as textiles, jewelry, and arms.
- Artisan Communities: Skilled artisans worked in karkhanas and were organized into guilds or communities. These artisans were highly specialized, with expertise in particular crafts like weaving, metalworking, and stone carving. Their work was vital for the production of both everyday items and luxury goods.
- Economic Impact: The karkhanas contributed significantly to the economy by producing goods for domestic use and export. They played a central role in trade and commerce, supplying markets with products that were essential for daily life and for the luxury trade.
- Government Regulation: The Mughal administration often regulated and supported karkhanas to ensure high-quality production and to maintain the supply of goods needed by the court and the empire. The state sometimes provided resources and infrastructure to support these workshops.