Concept of myth and symbolisin as integral parts of Raja Rao’s fictional art in Kanthapura

Q: Concept of myth and symbolisin as integral parts of Raja Rao’s fictional art in Kanthapura

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Raja Rao’s novel Kanthapura is a significant work that exemplifies the use of myth and symbolism as integral components of his narrative art. Set against the backdrop of the Indian independence movement, the story is narrated through the voice of an elderly woman, Achakka, who recounts the events in her village of Kanthapura and the influence of Mahatma Gandhi. Here’s an exploration of how myth and symbolism function in Kanthapura:

Concept of Myth

1. Cultural Myths:

• Rao draws heavily on Indian cultural and religious myths to frame the story and its characters. The structure of the narrative is infused with mythological elements, such as the concept of dharma (duty) and the cyclical nature of life, reflecting traditional Indian thought. This mythic structure serves to elevate the local struggles of the villagers to a universal level, linking them to larger themes of justice, morality, and spiritual awakening.

1. Heroic Figures:

• The character of Gandhi emerges as a mythic figure in the narrative, representing the ideals of non-violence, truth, and moral courage. His presence in the village of Kanthapura transforms the villagers, inspiring them to take action against colonial rule. The way in which Rao depicts Gandhi’s influence on the community imbues him with a mythic quality, suggesting that his teachings resonate beyond his physical presence.

1. Rituals and Traditions:

• The novel incorporates various rituals and traditions from Indian culture, which serve as mythic markers of identity and continuity. The rituals of worship, festivals, and communal gatherings not only reinforce the social fabric of Kanthapura but also connect the villagers to their ancestral heritage, emphasizing the importance of collective memory in shaping their identity.

Symbolism

1. The Village of Kanthapura:

• The village itself symbolizes the struggle for independence and the fight against oppression. It represents the resilience and unity of the people in the face of colonial power. The transformation of Kanthapura throughout the novel reflects the broader socio-political changes occurring in India during the independence movement.

1. The River:

• The river in Kanthapura serves as a powerful symbol of life, continuity, and change. It represents the flow of time and the inevitable changes that come with it. The river also signifies the connection between the villagers and their land, acting as a source of sustenance and spirituality. Its presence throughout the narrative reinforces the idea of life’s cyclical nature and the interdependence of the villagers with their environment.

1. The Temple:

• The temple in the village symbolizes the spiritual and cultural heart of Kanthapura. It serves as a gathering place for the villagers, embodying their shared beliefs and traditions. The temple’s significance is heightened by its role in the resistance against colonial rule, as it becomes a site of solidarity and collective action among the villagers.

1. Nature and the Elements:

• Rao employs rich imagery of nature, using elements like the earth, sky, and rain as symbols of fertility, growth, and renewal. The changing seasons parallel the villagers’ struggles and aspirations, suggesting that just as nature undergoes cycles of growth and decay, so too does the community in its fight for justice and independence.

1. The Mango Tree:

• The mango tree stands as a symbol of sustenance, life, and the connectedness of the villagers to their land. It is a site of memory and history, representing the past while also serving as a focal point for community gatherings. The tree’s presence throughout the story emphasizes the importance of roots and heritage in shaping identity.

Conclusion

In Kanthapura, Raja Rao masterfully weaves myth and symbolism into the fabric of the narrative, creating a rich tapestry that reflects the complexities of Indian society and the struggle for independence. The use of myth elevates the local experiences of the characters to a universal level, while the symbols provide deeper insights into their cultural identity and collective consciousness. Together, these elements enhance the emotional and thematic depth of the novel, making it a profound exploration of the human spirit in the face of adversity.